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Maxwell Render 2.5 User Manual

Chapter 10. Maxwell Materials | 61

F.01 Layer Properties

• Opacity/ Mask: Set the value of the opacity, or use a grayscale texture mask to

control the visibility of this layer. Black stands for zero opacity, and white stands for

full opacity. The texture preview window below allows you to display the image mask

used in the current layer.

• Layer Blending: Choose between Normal and Additive mode to blend the current

layer with the layers below.

If the Layer is set to Normal mode it will act like a “solid” Layer, and it will be stacked

as a real material on top of another Layer. So if the Layer blending mode is set to

Normal and its opacity is 100, no layers underneath this Layer will be visible. For

example, if its weight is set to 50, it will act as a semi-transparent material that is on

top of the layer(s) underneath it.

Additive mode however takes the material properties found in the components of

the layer (the color, reectance of any BSDFs, coating etc) and multiplies those

values with the layers underneath it, much like the “Screen” layer blending mode in

Photoshop. This means that even if the layer’s weight is set to 100, in Additive mode

the layers underneath it will still be visible. The Additive mode has the overall effect

of brightening the material. When the layer in Additive mode is brighter, the colors of

the layers underneath it will get brighter. When the Additive mode layer is fully black,

no change occurs in the layers underneath it. When the Additive mode layer is fully

white (a strong reection) everything underneath it also becomes fully white. A good

way to visualize this effect is thinking of projecting light through several photographic

slides. It can be useful to create interesting blends between the textures used in the

BSDFs of the different layers and also to create plastics that have a thin shiny coating

on the surface that still allows the color of the plastic to show through beneath it.

• Working with Layers:

• You can rename a layer by double-clicking on its name.

• You can re-arrange the stacking order of the layers by dragging and dropping

them up or down in the layers list.

• You can also collapse and expand the content of each layer.

• Each layer shows a range of specications in the columns next to it. The rst

column shows the layer’s opacity in percentage and a “T” in case the opacity of

this layer is controlled by a texture. You can also double-click on this setting to

change it. The second column allows you to enable/ disable the layer. The last

column shows the blending mode of this layer with the layers underneath. You

can also click on this value to switch between Normal “N” mode and Additive “A”

mode.

Some things to keep in mind when working with the new Stacked Layers system in Maxwell

Render 2:

• Because each Layer has an opacity control which controls the inuence of that Layer,

your material can look transparent if the Layer weight is below 100, even if a BSDF

inside the layer is set to weight 100. This is true also for multiple Layers. For example,

two Layers with their weight set to 50 will also create a transparent material. In other

words, the Layer weight controls the opacity of all the components inside it, no matter

what the component weights are set to.

• It is much easier to create variable transparency materials with Stacked Layers than

with the previous material system. All you have to do is texture the Layer weight with

a grayscale map.

• It is also much easier to create clipmaps; just apply the clipmap to the Layer weight.

• Many materials that were impossible or very difcult to create in Maxwell Render 1.7

are now possible, such as multiple emitter layers which can be mapped using variable

transparency for some interesting effects; or a complex car paint material containing

several BSDFs on top of another material, simulating rust, which in itself can also

consist of several BSDFs. The organization into Layers makes all this easy to create.

See Appendix I for an easy step-by-step guide to create some basic materials.

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